ABSTRACT Objective: Congenital hypopituitarism (CH) is a rare disease characterized by one or more hormone deficiencies of the pituitary gland. To date, many genes have been associated with CH. In this study, we identified the allelic variant spectrum of 11 causative genes in Turkish patients with CH. Materials and methods: This study included 47 patients [21 girls (44.6%) and 26 boys (55.4%)] from 45 families. To identify the genetic etiology, we screened 11 candidate genes associated with CH using next-generation sequencing. To confirm and detect the status of the specific familial variant in relatives, Sanger sequencing was also performed. Results: We identified 12 possible pathogenic variants in GHRHR, GH1, GLI2, PROP-1, POU1F1, and LHX4 in 11 patients (23.4%), of which six were novel variants: two in GHRHR, two in POU1F1, one in GLI2, and one in LHX4. In all patients, these variants were most frequently found in GLI2, followed by PROP-1 and GHRHR. Conclusion: Genetic causes were determined in only 23.4% of all patients with CH and 63% of molecularly diagnosed patients (7/11) from consanguineous families. Despite advances in genetics, we were unable to identify the genetic etiology of most patients with CH, suggesting the effect of unknown genes or environmental factors. More genetic studies are necessary to understand the etiology of CH.

Background. Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome (TRMA), also known as Rogers syndrome, is characterized by megaloblastic anemia, sensorineural hearing loss, and diabetes mellitus. Disturbances of the thiamine transport into the cells results from homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the SLC19A2 gene. Case presentation. We report a girl which presented with sensorineural deafness treated with a hearing prosthesis, insulin requiring diabetes, macrocytic anemia, treated with thiamine (100 mg/day). Hemoglobin level improved to 12.1 g/dl after dose of thiamine therapy increased up to 200 mg/day. Conclusion. Patients with TRMA must be evaluated for megaloblastic anemia, sensorineural hearing loss, and diabetes mellitus. They must be followed for response of hematologic and diabetic after thiamine therapy. It should be kept in mind that dose of thiamine therapy may be increased according to the clinical response. Genetic counseling should be given.

Antecedentes. El síndrome de anemia megaloblástica sensible a la tiamina (TRMA, por sus siglas en inglés), también conocido como síndrome de Rogers, se caracteriza por presentar anemia megaloblástica, hipoacusia neurosensorial y diabetes mellitus. Las alteraciones en el transporte de la tiamina hacia las células se deben a mutaciones homocigotas o heterocigotas compuestas en el gen SLC19A2. Presentación de un caso. Presentamos el caso de una niña que manifestaba sordera neurosensorial tratada con una prótesis auditiva, diabetes con necesidad de insulina y anemia macrocítica, tratada con tiamina (100 mg/día). El nivel de hemoglobina mejoró hasta alcanzar 12,1 g/dl después de aumentar la dosis terapéutica de tiamina hasta 200 mg/día. Conclusión. Se debe evaluar a los pacientes con TRMA para detectar anemia megaloblástica, hipoacusia neurosensorial y diabetes mellitus. Se les debe dar seguimiento para determinar la respuesta de la enfermedad hematológica y de la diabetes después de la terapia con tiamina. La dosis terapéutica de tiamina puede aumentarse según la respuesta clínica. Debe proporcionarse asesoramiento genético.